The overriding goal of this workshop was to conduct and disseminate the first comprehensive assessment of the field of PetaFLOPS computing systems and to establish a baseline of understanding with respect to its opportunities, challenges, and critical elements at this, its inchoate phase. With a new understanding of this emerging field, a second guiding goal was to set near-term directions for further inquiry to refine the knowledge and reduce uncertainty in this field. With these goals established, the following set of objectives were identified and provided to guide the workshop agenda and deliberations: